Microwave spectra of C2H4⋅H2O and isotopomers

The rotational spectrum of the ethylene‐water complex has been reexamined using Fourier‐transform microwave spectroscopy. Several new transitions were observed in the spectrum of the normal isotopic species. All the transitions were split into doublets with a 3:1 relative intensity ratio. Additionally, the spectra of C2H4⋅HDO, C2H4⋅D2O, C2H4⋅H218O, C2H4⋅H217O, cis‐CHD=CHD⋅H2O, trans‐CHD=CHD⋅H2O, 1,1‐CD2=CH2⋅H2O, and CHD=CH2⋅H2O were measured. Splitting patterns and relative intensities of the tunneling doublets of the isotopomers are consistent with a high‐barrier tunneling pathway which exchanges the two water hydrogen atoms. A second, low‐barrier internal rotation of the water about the hydrogen bond is proposed to explain anomalous dipole moment and 17O nuclear quadrupole coupling results.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70059/2/JCPSA6-98-2-791-1.pd

The Effects of Nutrition Package Claims, Nutrition Facts Panels, and Motivation to Process Nutrition Information on Consumer Product Evaluations

In a laboratory experiment using a between-subjects design, the authors examine the effects on nutrition and product evaluations of nutrition claims made (e.g., 99% fat free; low in calories ) on a product package, product nutrition value levels, and enduring motivation to process nutrition information. Enduring motivation is shown to moderate the effects of product nutrition value on consumer evaluations. Also, nutrition claims interact with product nutrition value in affecting consumer perceptions of manufacturer credibility. Given the availability of nutrient levels in the Nutrition Facts panel on the back of the mock package, nutrition claims on the front of the package generally did not affect positively consumers\u27 overall product and purchase intention evaluations. The authors discuss some implications of these findings, suggestions for further research, and study limitations

Microwave spectrum, dipole moment, structure, and internal rotation of the cyclopropane‐sulfur dioxide van der Waals complex

The rotational spectrum of the cyclopropane‐sulfur dioxide complex was observed by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The spectrum exhibited a‐ and c‐dipole selection rules with the c‐dipole transitions split into doublets of unequal intensity separated by about 150 kHz. The structure has Cs symmetry with the sulfur and carbon atoms all lying in the ac plane; the oxygen and hydrogen atoms straddle the plane. The sulfur dioxide plane is nearly parallel to a C–C bond edge. The distance from the center of mass of the SO2 to the C–C bond center is 3.295 Å. The dipole moment of the complex is 1.681(1) D, with components μa=0.815(1) D and μc=1.470(1) D. The splittings in the spectrum arise from an internal rotation of the cyclopropane subunit about its local C2 axis which lies nearly along the line connecting the centers of mass.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69351/2/JCPSA6-96-3-1784-1.pd

N=2 Supersymmetry and Bailey Pairs

We demonstrate that the Bailey pair formulation of Rogers-Ramanujan identities unifies the calculations of the characters of $N=1$ and $N=2$ supersymmetric conformal field theories with the counterpart theory with no supersymmetry. We illustrate this construction for the $M(3,4)$ (Ising) model where the Bailey pairs have been given by Slater. We then present the general unitary case. We demonstrate that the model $M(p,p+1)$ is derived from $M(p-1,p)$ by a Bailey renormalization flow and conclude by obtaining the $N=1$ model $SM(p,p+2)$ and the unitary $N=2$ model with central charge $c=3(1-2/p).$Comment: 32 pages in harvmac, no figure

Microwave spectrum, structure, barrier to internal rotation, dipole moment, and deuterium quadupole coupling constants of the ethylene–sulfur dioxide complex

The microwave spectra of the complex between ethylene and sulfur dioxide and nine of its isotopic species have been observed in a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The spectra exhibit a and c dipole selection rules; transitions of the normal species and several of the isotopically substituted species occur as tunneling doublets. The complex has a stacked structure with Cs symmetry; the C2H4 and SO2 moieties both straddle the mirror plane with the C2 axis of SO2 crossed at 90 ° to the carbon–carbon bond axis (i.e., only the S atom lies in the symmetry plane). The distance between the centers of mass (Rcm) of C2H4 and SO2 is 3.504(1) Å and the deviation of their planes from perpendicular to Rcm is 21(2) ° and 12(2) °, respectively. The tunneling splittings arise from a rotation of the ethylene subunit in its molecular plane. The barrier to internal rotation is 30(2) cm−1. The dipole moment of the complex is 1.650(3)D. The deuterium nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for C2H3D⋅SO2 are χaa=−0.119(1) MHz, χbb=0.010(1) MHz, and χcc=0.109(1) MHz. The binding energy is estimated to be 490 cm−1 from the pseudo‐diatomic approximation. A distributed multipole electrostatic model is explored to rationalize the structure and binding energies.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70892/2/JCPSA6-93-10-7030-1.pd

Microwave spectrum, structure, dipole moment, and deuterium nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of the acetylene–sulfur dioxide van der Waals complex

Thirty‐three a‐ and c‐dipole transitions of the acetylene–SO2 van der Waals complex have been observed by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and fit to rotational constants A=7176.804(2) MHz, B=2234.962(1) MHz, C=1796.160(1) MHz. The complex has Cs symmetry with the C2H2 and SO2 moieties both straddling an a–c symmetry plane (i.e., only the S atom lies in the plane). The two subunits are separated by a distance Rcm=3.430(1) Å and the C2 axis of the SO2 is tilted 14.1(1)° from perpendicular to the Rcm vector, with the S atom closer to the C2H2. The dipole moment of the complex is 1.683(5) D. The deuterium nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure was resolved for several transitions in both C2HD⋅SO2 and C2D2⋅SO2. A lower limit for the barrier to internal rotation of the C2H2 was estimated to be 150 cm−1 from the absence of tunneling splittings. The binding energy was estimated by the pseudo‐diatomic model as 2.1 kcal/mol. A distributed multipole analysis was investigated to rationalize the structure and binding of the complex.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69970/2/JCPSA6-94-11-6947-1.pd

Metabolic Syndrome Derived from Principal Component Analysis and Incident Cardiovascular Events: The Multi Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC).

Background. The NCEP metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of dichotomized interrelated risk factors from predominantly Caucasian populations. We propose a continuous MetS score based on principal component analysis (PCA) of the same risk factors in a multiethnic cohort and compare prediction of incident CVD events with NCEP MetS definition. Additionally, we replicated these analyses in the Health, Aging, and Body composition (Health ABC) study cohort. Methods and Results. We performed PCA of the MetS elements (waist circumference, HDL, TG, fasting blood glucose, SBP, and DBP) in 2610 Caucasian Americans, 801 Chinese Americans, 1875 African Americans, and 1494 Hispanic Americans in the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. We selected the first principal component as a continuous MetS score (MetS-PC). Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between MetS-PC and 5.5 years of CVD events (n = 377) adjusting for age, gender, race, smoking and LDL-C, overall and by ethnicity. To facilitate comparison of MetS-PC with the binary NCEP definition, a MetS-PC cut point was chosen to yield the same 37% prevalence of MetS as the NCEP definition (37%) in the MESA cohort. Hazard ratio (HR) for CVD events were estimated using the NCEP and Mets-PC-derived binary definitions. In Cox proportional models, the HR (95% CI) for CVD events for 1-SD (standard deviation) of MetS-PC was 1.71 (1.54-1.90) (P < 0.0001) overall after adjusting for potential confounders, and for each ethnicity, HRs were: Caucasian, 1.64 (1.39-1.94), Chinese, 1.39 (1.06-1.83), African, 1.67 (1.37-2.02), and Hispanic, 2.10 (1.66-2.65). Finally, when binary definitions were compared, HR for CVD events was 2.34 (1.91-2.87) for MetS-PC versus 1.79 (1.46-2.20) for NCEP MetS. In the Health ABC cohort, in a fully adjusted model, MetS-PC per 1-SD (Health ABC) remained associated with CVD events (HR = 1.21, 95%CI 1.12-1.32) overall, and for each ethnicity, Caucasian (HR = 1.24, 95%CI 1.12-1.39) and African Americans (HR = 1.16, 95%CI 1.01-1.32). Finally, when using a binary definition of MetS-PC (cut point 0.505) designed to match the NCEP definition in terms of prevalence in the Health ABC cohort (35%), the fully adjusted HR for CVD events was 1.39, 95%CI 1.17-1.64 compared with 1.46, 95%CI 1.23-1.72 using the NCEP definition. Conclusion. MetS-PC is a continuous measure of metabolic syndrome and was a better predictor of CVD events overall and in individual ethnicities. Additionally, a binary MetS-PC definition was better than the NCEP MetS definition in predicting incident CVD events in the MESA cohort, but this superiority was not evident in the Health ABC cohort

The Eastern Canadian Arctic at ca. 6 ka BP: A Time of Transition

The middle Holocene was a time of definite environmental transition in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Based on several proxy indicators (pollen, diatoms, foraminifera, molluscs and nearshore sedimentation rates), it appears that a thermal maximum occurred around middle Holocene (6-4 ka), several thousand years after the insolation maximum — a lag caused by the thermal inertia of the earlier massive ice sheet. Terrestrial records indicate that a warming began around 6 ka, both in the subarctic (Labrador - Ungava) and on Baffin Island. Marine records, on the other hand, suggested major water structure changes around 6 ka both in the Northeastern Canadian Arctic and also along the East Greenland coast with evidence of a marine surface water temperature maximum at 8 ka. We hypothesize that the marine circulation changes, both along the Baffin Island and along the East Greenland coasts, were primarily driven by glacio-isostatic uplift of the Arctic Channels. With the cessation of water flow of Atlantic (warmer) origin, and decrease in water volume from the deeper parts of the Arctic Ocean through the Arctic Channels, the export through the Fram and Denmark straits increased and the water column changed. Changes in the concentration and duration of sea ice along the eastern Canadian coast would have had important repercussions on the biota of the coastal marine and terrestrial ecosystems.L'Holocène moyen a été une période de transition bien déterminée dans l'est de l'Arctique canadien. Selon de nombreux indicateurs (pollen, diatomées, foraminifères, mollusques et taux de sédimentation côtiers), il semble qu'un maximum thermique ait été atteint vers le milieu de l'Holocène (6-4 ka), plusieurs milliers d'années après le maximum d'insolation — un retard dû à l'inertie thermique causée par la présence de l'immense inlandsis. Les données terrestres démontrent qu'un réchauffement s'est amorcé vers 6 ka, à la fois dans le subarctique (Labrador, Ungava) et dans l'île de Baffin. Les données marines, d'autre part, indiquent qu'il y a eu des changements de structure de l'eau vers 6 ka à la fois dans le nord-est de l'Arctique canadien et le long de la côte du Groenland avec des indices de températures maximales marines de surface à 8 ka. Nous posons l'hypothèse selon laquelle les changements de circulation marine, à la fois le long de l'île de Baffin et le long de la côte est du Groenland ont été provoqués par le relèvement isostatique des chenaux arctiques. Avec l'arrêt de l'écoulement (plus chaud) en provenance de l'Atlantique et la diminution du cubage d'eau provenant des grandes profondeurs de l'océan Arctique dans les chenaux arctiques, l'évacuation par les détroits de Fram et du Danemark s'est accrue et la colonne d'eau s'est modifiée. Les changements de concentration et de durée de la glace marine le long de la côte est du Canada auraient eu d'importantes répercussions sur les écosystèmes marins côtiers et terrestres.Das mittlere Holozân war eine eindeutige Umwelt-Ùbergangszeit in der ostkanadischen Arktis. Gestùtzt auf zahlreiche Indikatoren (Pollen, Kieselalgen, Foraminiferen, Mollusken und die Sedimentationsrate am Ufer) scheint es, dap ein thermales Maximum um die Mitte des Holozàns erreicht wurde (6-4 ka), mehrere tausend Jahre nach dem Sonneneinstrahlungsmaximum - eine Verzôgerung, welche durch die thermale Trâgheit der frùheren massiven Eisdecke bewirkt wurde. Belege zu Land zeigen, daB eine Erwârmung um 6 ka begann, sowohl in der Subarktis (Labrador-Ungava) wie auch auf der Baffin-lnsel. Meeresbelege andererseits weisen auf bedeutende Wasserstruktur-Ànderungen um 6 ka, sowohl in der nordôstlichen kanadischen Arktis wie auch entlang der Kùste von Ost-Grônland, mit Anhaltspunkten fur maximale Wassertemperaturen an der Meeresober-flâche um 8 ka. Wir stellen die Hypothèse auf, daB die Wechsel der marinen Zirkulation, sowohl entlang der Baffin-lnsel wie auch der Kùsten von Ost-Grônland, in erster Linie durch die glazial-isostatische Anhebung der arktischen Kanâle hervorgerufen wurden. Mit der Beendigung des (wàrmeren) Wasserflusses vom Atlantik und der Abnahme des Wasservolumes von den tieferen Teilen des arktischen Ozeans durch die arktischen Kanâle nahm die Ausfuhr durch die Meeregen von Fram und Danemark zu, und die Wassersàule ânderte sich. Die Wechsel in der Konzentration und Dauer des Meereises entlang der ostkanadischen Kùste sollen bedeutende Auswirkungen auf Ôkosysteme an der Meereskùste und zu Land gehabt haben